考研英语阅读理解真题及详解No.2
2014-04-07 02:10 | 来源：英语学习网站 | 编辑：英语之家
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本文来自英语之家
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It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
No longer. ①The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
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The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.
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This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. ②Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers. 本文来自英语之家
26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses 本文来自英语之家
[A] the background information of journal editing. copyright www.yingyuzhijia.com
[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports. 本文来自英语之家
[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers.
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[D] the traditional process of journal publication. copyright yingyuzhijia.com
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27. Which of the following is true of the OECD report? 本文来自英语之家
[A] It criticizes government-funded research.
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[B] It introduces an effective means of publication. copyright www.yingyuzhijia.com
[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers. 内容来自www.yingyuzhijia.com
[D] It benefits scientific research considerably. 本文来自英语之家
28. According to the text, online publication is significant in that 内容来自www.yingyuzhijia.com
[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results.
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[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.
[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.
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[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research. copyright www.yingyuzhijia.com
29. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to
[A] cover the cost of its publication. 内容来自www.yingyuzhijia.com
[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it.
[C] allow other online journals to use it freely. copyright yingyuzhijia.com
[D] complete the peer-review before submission.
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30. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?
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[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers. copyright www.yingyuzhijia.com
[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.
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[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.
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[D] Publication is rendered easier by online service. 内容来自www.yingyuzhijia.com
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copyright yingyuzhijia.com【重点词汇】 本文来自英语之家
straightforward [streit'fɔ:wəd] adj.简单的，易懂的，不复杂的：a straightforward process 简单的过程；坦诚的，坦率的，率直的。
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【例】American speech is remarkably straightforward. 美国人的语言非常直率。
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affiliation [ə'fili'eiʃən] n.隶属关系；隶属，从属。
【例】Ethnic character, background, or affiliation. 属于少数民族种族特性、背景或关系
endeavor [in'devə] n. v. 努力,尽力,竭力,力图,试图 copyright www.yingyuzhijia.com
【例】we endeavor to make our customers happy. 我们努力使客户满意。 copyright www.yingyuzhijia.com
distribution [distri'bju:ʃən] n. 分发;销售;频率分布;分配装置;分布;区分,分类;配电
【例】distribution of the population 人口分布 内容来自www.yingyuzhijia.com
subscriber [səb'skraibə] n.订户,签署者,捐款者,认购者
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【例】Write away now for the free album offered to every new subscriber. 请速来信订阅，新订户可免费获取画册一本。
repository [ri'pɔzitəri] n.贮藏室，智囊团，知识库，仓库
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【例】Once rules are defined, they're stored in a central repository. 一旦规则定下来，它们要集中存放在一处。
hybrid ['haibrid] n.杂种，混血儿，混合物；adj.混合的，杂种的 （hybridism 杂交，英语之家，混血 hybridity 杂种状态） copyright www.yingyuzhijia.com
【例】widely cultivated hybrid poker plant. 广泛种植的杂种植物。
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【难句解析】 copyright www.yingyuzhijia.com
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